School level

The Effects of Exercise on the Brain

'The Effects of Exercise on the Brain' lesson plan kit is part of the Strength in Science project developed in collaboration between researchers, science teachers, PE teachers, fitness instructors, and Junior Cycle students.

Download Kit:    Flyer   |   Lesson Plan

In this short film, we meet NUI Galway researchers, Dr. Una Fitzgerald, Dr. Jill McMahon and Enrico Bagnoli, who explains the science behind how exercise is good for your brain. It includes suggestions for what types are exercise are particularly good for your brain. Also we learn about the latest work in medical devices to support your brain.

Background
Keywords
Exercises
Facts
Curriculum Links

How Does Exercise Affect Your Brain?

When you cycle a bike, perform a bicep curl, or go for a walk, your body is performing a movement pattern it is familiar with. The neural pathways in your brain involved in performing these movements already exist and are being reinforced through repetition. You are more or less ‘going through the motions’ without having to mentally concentrate on the mechanics of each step.

When dancing, you are forced to process and perform new movement patterns. This requires greater mental focus and the creation of new neural pathways in the brain. A brain with a more complex and varied neural network is stronger and may age more slowly later in life. If you don’t like dancing, you can challenge your brain with unfamiliar exercise techniques instead. This will stimulate your brain to form new neural pathways also. For example, try kicking a ball with your less dominant foot, or swinging a racket or hurl with your less dominant hand!

How are Irish Researchers Developing Treatments for Diseases of the Brain?

Dr. Una FitzGerald and Dr. Jill McMahon at the National University of Ireland Galway are developing new therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Dr. FitzGerald’s  research group is collaborating with universities and companies all over Europe as part of the EU-funded BrainMatTrain project which is developing a biomaterial-based medical device to treat Parkinson’s disease. Researchers in the BrainMatTrain project are studying what happens in the brain of someone who has Parkinson’s disease. They are also testing a biomaterial to deliver medicine to the brain as a treatment for the disease. The biomaterial used in the project is a collagen gel which is soft and squishy just like the brain. Medicine is put inside the gel to help new neurons grow in the brain. To learn more about the BrainMatTrain project visit: www.brainmattrain.eu

 

 

Neuron   |    Synapse    |    Neurotransmitter   |    Dopamine


Activity:

Demonstration
Warm Up
Activity One
Activity Two
Activity Three
Cool-Down

Demonstration

Materials Needed:

  • Three plastic eggs that can hold objects in side (For example, Kinder eggs)
  • A piece of paper with “Jump” written on it
  • A piece of paper with “Three times” written on it
  • A piece of paper with “Forwards and backwards” written on it
  • Note: If you do not have plastic eggs, you can just use larger pieces of paper to write on and then crumple them up into small balls.
  • 2 Yoga mats

Instructions:

  • Prepare three plastic eggs carrying separate parts of the message on the pieces of paper “Jump three times forwards and backwards”:
    • Egg 1 = “Jump”
    • Egg 2 = “Three times”
    • Egg 3 = “Forwards and backwards”
  • Form a first line of three students all standing on a Yoga mat - This mat represents neuron 1.
  • Form a second line of three students all standing on the other Yoga mat - This mat represents neuron 2.
  • The space between the two Yoga mats represents the synapse.
  • Only two of the students in neuron 1 get a plastic egg containing a message inside of it:
    • Egg 1 = “Jump”
    • Egg 2 = “Three times”

  • Note: The two plastic eggs represent low levels of dopamine as part of the message is missing.
  • The two students in neuron 1 throw the plastic eggs across the “synapse” (the space between the two Yoga mats) to two students in neuron 2.
  • The  students  in  neuron  2  perform  the  task  given  by  combining  the  messages in the two plastic eggs.
  • Since only two plastic eggs crossed the synapse, the students in neuron 2 did  not  receive  the  entire  message  and  will  not  be  able  to  perform  the  task  properly.  (They  will  “jump  three  times”,  but  not  “forwards  and  backwards”)
  • All three of the students in neuron 1 get a plastic egg containing a message inside of it:
    • Egg 1 = “Jump”
    • Egg 2 = “Three times”
    • Egg 3 = “Forwards and Backwards”
  • Note: The three plastic eggs represent correct levels of dopamine as the message is complete.
  • The three students in neuron 1 throw the plastic eggs across the “synapse” to three students in neuron 2. 
  • The students in neuron 2 perform the task given by combining the messages in the three plastic eggs.
  • Since three plastic eggs crossed the synapse, the students in neuron 2 received the entire message and will be able to perform the task properly. (They will “jump three times forwards and backwards”)

Meet in the Middle

Equipment/Space Needed:

  • Large Hall

Instructions:

  • The students are told to find a partner.
  • The partners go to opposite ends of the hall with the length of the hall between them.
  • The teacher gives a command that the students must perform. For example, “Give your partner a high five”.
  • The teacher says “Ready, steady, go!”
  • The students sprint towards the middle of the hall to meet their partners.
  • When the students meet their partners in the middle, they perform the teacher’s command.
  • After performing the command, the students leave their partners and sprint back to the opposite ends of the hall.
  • The teacher adds on to the previous command for the students to perform. For example, “Give  your partner a high five with the right hand, then a high five with the left hand.”
  • The teacher says “Ready, steady, go!” and the process is repeated.
  • The teacher keeps adding to the sequence of commands for the students to perform which works their brains and warms them up!

Stretches:

After the warm-up, get the students to perform dynamic stretches targeting the following muscle groups in preparation for the activities:

  • Hamstrings
  • Quadriceps
  • Gastrocnemius and soleus (calves)
  • Deltoids (shoulders)
  • Biceps and triceps (upper arms)
  • Trapezius (upper back)
  • Pectoralis major and minor (chest)

 

 

Do As I Say, Not As I Do

Equipment/Space Needed:

  • Large hall

Instructions:

  • The teacher stands at the front facing the class.
  • The teacher tells the class the activity is focused on improving their response to auditory messages.
  • The teacher assigns movements to numbers that will be called out. For example:
  1. Touch the floor with both hands.
  2. Jump up with hands above the head. 
  3. Do three jumping jacks.
  • Everyone jogs on the spot until the teacher calls out a number.
  • Everyone, including the teacher, does the corresponding movement for the number called. For example, the teacher calls out “1” and everyone touches the floor with both hands.
  • This is repeated with the teacher calling out the different numbers for about a minute until the students understand the concept.
  • The teacher starts to call out numbers, but does movements that do not correspond to the numbers. For example, the teacher calls out “1”, but jumps up instead.
  • The students try to keep doing the corresponding movements for the numbers called, and try not to copy the movement the teacher does.
  • Anyone that does not do the corresponding movement for the number that is called is out of the game.
  • The last person standing is the winner.
  • The game is repeated with students at the front of the class calling the numbers.
  • Variation: The student leading the class can assign new movements to the numbers being called out.

Chinese Whispers Choreography

Equipment/Space Needed:

  • Large hall
  • Option: Music with varying tempos

 Instructions:

  • The teacher tells the class the activity is focused on improving their response to visual messages.
  • Half of the students stand in a line. These students are the performers.
  • The other students watch the performers. (This is part of the fun!)
  • The teacher and the first person in the line face one another. Everyone else in the line turns away so they cannot see what the teacher and first person are doing.
  • The teacher does three to four moves of simple choreography.
  • Note: Over exaggerate the movements and try to have fun with them! For example, driving a car: 
  1. Put the key in the ignition.
  2. Turn the key in the ignition. 
  3. Grab the steering wheel. 
  4. Turn the steering wheel.
  • The first and second people in the line turn and face one another.
  • The first person tries to repeat the movements the teacher did to the second person.
  • This is repeated until the movements are passed on to the last person in the line.
  • The teacher shows the students the original movements so they can see how much the  movements changed by being passed down the line of students.
  • The students who were watching become the performers and vice versa, and the game is repeated.
  • Variation 1: The student at the front of the line makes up the three to four moves of simple choreography instead of the teacher.
  • Variation 2: Have music playing in the background so that the students can try to perform the movements to the beat. You can also change the tempo of the music by playing a really slow song, and then a really fast song.

Less Dominant Dodgeball

Equipment/Space Needed:

  • Large hall
  • 10-12 Dodgeballs
  • Pieces of yarn/string or wristbands for students to wear

Instructions:

  • The teacher asks the students to raise their hands if they are right-handed.
  • The right-handed students tie a piece of yarn/string around their right wrists.
  • The teacher asks the students to raise their hands if they are left-handed.
  • The left-handed students tie a piece of yarn/string around their left wrists.
  • Note: This is important to ask before the students know the rules of the game to avoid them using their dominant arms!
  • The students are divided into teams of two.
  • The students play dodgeball, but can only use their less dominant arm to throw the ball. For example, right-handed students can only throw with their left hands, and left-handed students  can only throw with their right hands.
  • Variation: This can be done with any game! For example, play a game of football with students using their less dominant foot, or a game of rounders with students using their less dominant hands for batting and throwing.

 

 

Stretches

Get  the  students  to  perform  static  stretches targeting  the  following  muscle  groups that were worked during the activities:

  • Hamstrings
  • Quadriceps
  • Gastrocnemius and soleus (calves)
  • Deltoids (shoulders)
  • Biceps and triceps (upper arms)
  • Trapezius (upper back)
  • Pectoralis major and minor (chest)

Facts about Cardiovascular Diseases and MedTech in Ireland

  • Ireland is the second largest exporter of MedTech products in Europe.
  • Ireland’s MedTech sector employs 29,000 people across 450 companies.
  • Ireland has the highest number of people working in the MedTech industry than in any other European country, per head of population.
  • 13 of the top 15 MedTech companies have operations in Ireland.
  • Galway employs one third of the country’s MedTech employees.

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with 10 million people affected worldwide, and around 8,000 people in Ireland. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is another neurodegenerative disease with an estimated 2.5 million sufferers worldwide. More than 9,000  people in Ireland are living with MS, and approximately three times as many women than men are diagnosed with it. 

MedTech companies with bases in Ireland produce Medical Devices to repair damage to both the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System. Boston Scientific’s branch in Clonmel designs,  develops and manufactures Deep Brain Stimulators and Spinal Cord Stimulators. Medtronic, headquartered in Dublin, is also a producer of Deep Brain Stimulation and Spinal Cord Stimulation  products. Additionally, Stryker (with branches in Cork and Limerick) produces two conduits to repair peripheral nerve damage.

 

Students will:

  • Watch a video discussing:

    • How  neurons  communicate  using  neurotransmitters,  in  particular  dopamine.
    • Current Irish research in treating diseases in the brain.
    • How different exercises strengthen and vary neural pathways in the brain.

  • Demonstrate  how  dopamine  carries  a  message  across  a  synapse  with  students acting as neurons.
  • Perform exercises to keep the brain healthy.

Students should be able to:   

  1. Demonstrate an understanding of the effects of exercise on the body.
  2. Show an understanding of the role of physical activity in establishing and maintaining health.
  3. Plan for and participate in regular physical activity.
  4. Understand what a neuron is.
  5. Understand how a neuron sends and receives a message.
  6. Know the general function of neurotransmitters.
  7. Know the cause of Parkinson’s disease - lack of dopamine.
  8. Understand how unfamiliar exercise techniques stimulate the brain to form new neural pathways.

Curriculum Links:

Junior Cycle Science 
  • The Nature of Science (LO 1 and 10)

  • Biological World (LO 6, and 9)

     

Junior Cycle Short Course in Physical Education (2016)

  • Physical activity for health and wellbeing

Junior Cycle Syllabus in Physical Education (2003)


  • Health-related activity

 

 

Add a resource

Did you know that your Internet Explorer is out of date

To get the best possible experience using our website we recommend that you upgrade to a newer version or other web browser.

Upgrade your browser now

Registering for a Scoilnet Account – your first step to contributing and sharing

What you need...

To register for a Scoilnet Account you will need to have a Teaching Council number and a roll number for your school in Ireland.

If you already have a Scoilnet Account then you can sign in here.

The benefits...

A Scoilnet account will allow you to upload your resources or weblinks to Scoilnet as well as enabling you to share and add resources to a favourites listing. Users who have a Scoilnet Account will also be able to fully access Scoilnet Maps and Census@School from home.


Register

Add this resource to your Learning Path

You need to login before you can add this resource to a Learning Path

Login